DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Source: Cleveland Clinic

Overview

The DSM-5 is the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's professional reference manual. The latest version, the DSM-5-TR, was published in 2022. It serves as the primary diagnostic guide for mental health professionals in the United States and worldwide, with translations available in more than 18 languages.

Purpose

The manual provides standardized diagnostic criteria for mental health and brain-related conditions. It enables healthcare providers to accurately diagnose disorders and distinguish between conditions with overlapping symptoms. The DSM-5 also covers conditions and concerns related to how the brain works.

Development

Over 160 international mental health professionals, including psychiatrists and psychologists, contributed to the original DSM-5. The 2022 text revision incorporated input from more than 200 professionals.

Major Categories Covered

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Autism spectrum disorder
• ADHD
• Learning disorders
• Intellectual disabilities
• Communication disorders
• Motor disorders

Psychotic Disorders

• Schizophrenia
• Schizoaffective disorder
• Delusional disorder
• Brief psychotic disorder

Mood Disorders

• Bipolar I and II disorders
• Major depressive disorder
• Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
• Cyclothymic disorder

Anxiety Disorders

• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Social anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Specific phobias
• Agoraphobia

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

• OCD
• Hoarding disorder
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Trichotillomania
• Excoriation disorder

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

• PTSD
• Acute stress disorder
• Adjustment disorders
• Reactive attachment disorder

Dissociative Disorders

• Dissociative identity disorder
• Dissociative amnesia
• Depersonalization/derealization disorder

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

• Somatic symptom disorder
• Illness anxiety disorder
• Conversion disorder
• Factitious disorder

Feeding and Eating Disorders

• Anorexia nervosa
• Bulimia nervosa
• Binge eating disorder
• Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
• Pica
• Rumination disorder

Sleep-Wake Disorders

• Insomnia disorder
• Hypersomnolence disorder
• Narcolepsy
• Breathing-related sleep disorders
• Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
• Parasomnias

Sexual Dysfunctions

• Erectile disorder
• Female orgasmic disorder
• Delayed ejaculation
• Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

Gender Dysphoria

• Gender dysphoria in children
• Gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

• Oppositional defiant disorder
• Intermittent explosive disorder
• Conduct disorder
• Antisocial personality disorder
• Pyromania
• Kleptomania

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

• Alcohol use disorder
• Cannabis use disorder
• Opioid use disorder
• Stimulant use disorder
• Gambling disorder

Neurocognitive Disorders

• Delirium
• Major and mild neurocognitive disorders (dementia)
• Alzheimer's disease
• Vascular neurocognitive disorder
• Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder

Personality Disorders

• Cluster A: Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
• Cluster B: Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
• Cluster C: Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

Paraphilic Disorders

• Voyeuristic disorder
• Exhibitionistic disorder
• Frotteuristic disorder
• Sexual masochism disorder
• Sexual sadism disorder
• Pedophilic disorder
• Fetishistic disorder
• Transvestic disorder

Important Note

The DSM-5 is designed for medical professionals and contains highly technical content. Users are advised not to use it for self-diagnosis without consulting qualified mental health providers.